Python多线程实现爬取图片

发表于 2020-04-06 更新于 2022-12-16 分类于 Python 本文字数： 14k

前阵子网上看到有人写爬取妹子图的派森代码，于是乎我也想写一个教程,很多教程都是调用的第三方模块，今天就使用原生库来爬，并且扩展实现了图片鉴定，图片去重等操作，经过了爬站验证，稳如老狗，我已经爬了几万张了,只要你硬盘够大。

前端，被一个 img标签包起来 <img src="https://mtl.gzhuibei.com/images/img/10431/5.jpg" alt= 直接正则匹配

先来生成页面链接，代码如下

# 传入参数,对页面进行拼接并返回列表
def SplicingPage(page,start,end):
    url = []
    for each in range(start,end):
        temporary = page.format(each)
        url.append(temporary)
    return url

接着使用内置库爬行

# 通过内置库,获取到页面的URL源代码
def GetPageURL(page):
    head = GetUserAgent(page)
    req = request.Request(url=page,headers=head,method="GET")
    respon = request.urlopen(req,timeout=3)
    if respon.status == 200:
        html = respon.read().decode("utf-8")
        return html

最后正则匹配爬取，完事了。代码自己研究一下就明白了，太简单了，

page_list = SplicingPage(str(args.url),2,100)
for item in page_list:
        respon = GetPageURL(str(item))
        subject = re.findall('<img src="([^"]+\.jpg)"',respon,re.S)
        for each in subject:
            img_name = each.split("/")[-1]
            img_type = each.split("/")[-1].split(".")[1]
            save_name = str(random.randint(1111111,99999999)) + "." + img_type
            print("[+] 原始名称: {} 保存为: {} 路径: {}".format(img_name,save_name,each))
            urllib.request.urlretrieve(each,save_name,None)

也可以通过外部库提取。

from lxml import etree
 
html = etree.HTML(response.content.decode())
src_list = html.xpath('//ul[@id="pins"]/li/a/img/@data-original')
alt_list = html.xpath('//ul[@id="pins"]/li/a/img/@alt')

一些请求头信息，用于绕过反爬虫策略

   "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
   "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
   "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
   "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
   "Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
   "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)",
   "UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
   "NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
   "Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
   "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
   # iPhone 6：
"Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25"

运行结果，就是这样，同学们，都把裤子给我穿上！好好学习！

接着我们来扩展一个知识点，如何使用Python实现自动鉴别图片，鉴别黄色图片的思路是，讲图片中的每一个位读入内存然后将皮肤颜色填充为白色，将衣服填充为黑色，计算出整个人物的像素大小，然后计算身体颜色与衣服的比例，如果超出预定义的范围则认为是黄图，这是基本的原理，实现起来需要各种算法的支持，Python有一个库可以实现 pip install Pillow porndetective 鉴别代码如下。

只要不是反向鉴黄就行。

>>> from porndetective import PornDetective
>>> test=PornDetective("c://1.jpg")
>>> test.parse()
c://1.jpg JPEG 1600×2400: result=True message='Porn Pic!!'
<porndetective.PornDetective object at 0x0000021ACBA0EFD0>
>>>
>>> test=PornDetective("c://2.jpg")
>>> test.parse()
c://2.jpg JPEG 1620×2430: result=False message='Total skin percentage lower than 15 (12.51)'
<porndetective.PornDetective object at 0x0000021ACBA5F5E0>
>>> test.result
False

鉴定结果如下，识别率不是很高，其实第一张并不算严格意义上的黄图，你可以使用爬虫爬取所有妹子图，然后通过调用这个库对其进行检测，如果是则保留，不是的直接删除，只保留优质资源。

他这个库使用的算法有一些问题，如果照这样来分析，那肚皮舞之类的都会被鉴别为黄图，而且一般都会使用机器学习识别率更高，这种硬编码的方式一般的还可以，如果更加深入的鉴别根本做不到，是不是黄图，不能只从暴露皮肤方面判断，还要综合考量，姿势，暴露尺度，衣服类型，等各方面，不过这也够用，如果想要在海量图片中筛选出比较优质的资源,你可以这样来写。

from PIL import Image
import os
from porndetective import PornDetective

if __name__ == "__main__":
    img_dic = os.listdir("./meizitu/")
    
    for each in img_dic:
        img = Image.open("./meizitu/{}".format(each))
        width = img.size[0]  # 宽度
        height = img.size[1] # 高度
        img = img.resize((int(width*0.3), int(height*0.3)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
        img.save("image.jpg")

        test = PornDetective("./image.jpg")
        test.parse()
        if test.result == True:
            print("{} 图片大赞,自动为你保留.".format(each))
        else:
            print("----> {} 图片正常,自动清除,节约空间,存着真的是浪费资源老铁".format(each))
            os.remove("./meizitu/"+str(each))

妹子图去重，代码如下，这个代码我写了好一阵子，一开始没思路，后来才想到的，其原理是利用CRC32算法，计算图片hash值，比对hash值，并将目录与hash关联，最后定位到目录，只删除多余的图片，保留其中的一张，这里给出思路代码。

import zlib,os

def Find_Repeat_File(file_path,file_type):
    Catalogue = os.listdir(file_path)
    CatalogueDict = {}  # 查询字典,方便后期查询键值对对应参数
    for each in Catalogue:
        path = (file_path + each)
        if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == file_type:
            with open(path,"rb") as fp:
                crc32 = zlib.crc32(fp.read())
                # print("[*] 文件名: {} CRC32校验: {}".format(path,str(crc32)))
                CatalogueDict[each] = str(crc32)
    CatalogueList = []
    for value in CatalogueDict.values():
    # 该过程实现提取字典中的crc32特征组合成列表 CatalogueList
        CatalogueList.append(value)

    CountDict = {}
    for each in CatalogueList:
    # 该过程用于存储文件特征与特征重复次数,放入 CountDict
        CountDict[each] = CatalogueList.count(each)
        
    RepeatFileFeatures = []
    for key,value in CountDict.items():
    # 循环查找字典中的数据,如果value大于1就存入 RepeatFileFeatures
        if value > 1:
            print("[-] 文件特征: {} 重复次数: {}".format(key,value))
            RepeatFileFeatures.append(key)

    for key,value in CatalogueDict.items():
        if value == "1926471896":
            print("[*] 重复文件所在目录: {}".format(file_path + key))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    Find_Repeat_File("D://python/",".jpg")

来来来，小老弟，我们去探讨一下技术，学好技术，每天都开荤

爬虫最终代码：

import os,re,random,urllib,argparse
from urllib import request,parse

# 随机获取一个请求体
def GetUserAgent(url):
    UsrHead = ["Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us","Windows NT 5.1; x86_64","Ubuntu U; NT 18.04; x86_64",
    "Windows NT 10.0; WOW64","X11; Ubuntu i686;","X11; Centos x86_64;","compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 8.1;",
    "X11; Linux i686","Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us","compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows Server 6.1",
    "Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en","compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1","iPad; CPU OS 4_3_3;"]
    UsrFox = ["Chrome/60.0.3100.0","Auburn Browser","Safari/522.13","Chrome/80.0.1211.0","Firefox/74.0",
    "Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1","Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11","Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Version/4.0 Safari/534.13","wOSBrowser/233.70 Baidu Browser/534.6 TouchPad/1.0","BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
    "rident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0;","360SE/80.1","wOSBrowser/233.70","UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999","Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37"]
    UsrAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (" + str(random.sample(UsrHead,1)[0]) + ") AppleWebKit/" + str(random.randint(100,1000)) \
    + ".36 (KHTML, like Gecko) " + str(random.sample(UsrFox,1)[0])
    
    UsrRefer = str(url + "/" + "".join(random.sample("abcdef23457sdadw",10)))
    UserAgent = {"User-Agent": UsrAgent,"Referer":UsrRefer}
    return UserAgent

# 通过内置库,获取到页面的URL源代码
def GetPageURL(page):
    head = GetUserAgent(page)
    req = request.Request(url=page,headers=head,method="GET")
    respon = request.urlopen(req,timeout=3)
    if respon.status == 200:
        html = respon.read().decode("utf-8") # 或是gbk根据页面属性而定
        return html

# 传入参数,对页面进行拼接并返回列表
def SplicingPage(page,start,end):
    url = []
    for each in range(start,end):
        temporary = page.format(each)
        url.append(temporary)
    return url
 
if __name__ == "__main__":

    urls = "https://www.meitulu.com/item/{}_{}.html".format(str(random.randint(1000,20000)),"{}")
    
    page_list = SplicingPage(urls,2,100)
    for item in page_list:
        try:
            respon = GetPageURL(str(item))
            subject = re.findall('<img src="([^"]+\.jpg)"',respon,re.S)
            for each in subject:
                img_name = each.split("/")[-1]
                img_type = each.split("/")[-1].split(".")[1]
                save_name = str(random.randint(11111111,999999999)) + "." + img_type
                print("[+] 原始名称: {} 保存为: {} 路径: {}".format(img_name,save_name,each))
                #urllib.request.urlretrieve(each,save_name,None)  # 无请求体的下载图片方式
                head = GetUserAgent(str(urls))                # 随机弹出请求头
                ret = urllib.request.Request(each,headers=head)   # each = 访问图片路径
                respons = urllib.request.urlopen(ret,timeout=10)  # 打开图片路径
                with open(save_name,"wb") as fp:
                    fp.write(respons.read())
        except Exception:
            # 删除当前目录下小于100kb的图片
            for each in os.listdir():
                if each.split(".")[1] == "jpg":
                    if int(os.stat(each).st_size / 1024) < 100:
                        print("[-] 自动清除 {} 小于100kb文件.".format(each))
                        os.remove(each)
            exit(1)

最后的效果，高并发下载（代码分工明确：有负责清理重复的，有负责删除小于150kb的，有负责爬行的，包工头非你莫属）今晚通宵

上方代码还有许多需要优化的地方，例如我们是随机爬取，现在我们只想爬取其中的一部分妹子图，所以我们需要改进一下,首先来获取到需要的链接,找首先找所有A标签，提取出页面A标题。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    get_url = []
    urls = requests.get("https://www.meitulu.com/t/youhuo/")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(urls.text,"html.parser")
    soup_ret = soup.select('div[class="boxs"] ul[class="img"] a')
    for each in soup_ret:
        if str(each["href"]).endswith("html"):
            get_url.append(each["href"])
            
    for item in get_url:
        for each in range(2,30):
            url = item.replace(".html","_{}.html".format(each))
            with open("url.log","a+") as fp:
                fp.write(url + "\n")

接着直接循环爬取就好，这里并没有多线程，爬行会有点慢的

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests,random

def GetUserAgent(url):
    UsrHead = ["Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us","Windows NT 5.1; x86_64","Ubuntu U; NT 18.04; x86_64",
    "Windows NT 10.0; WOW64","X11; Ubuntu i686;","X11; Centos x86_64;","compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 8.1;",
    "X11; Linux i686","Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us","compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows Server 6.1",
    "Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en","compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1","iPad; CPU OS 4_3_3;"]
    UsrFox = ["Chrome/60.0.3100.0","Auburn Browser","Safari/522.13","Chrome/80.0.1211.0","Firefox/74.0",
    "Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1","Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11","Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Version/4.0 Safari/534.13","wOSBrowser/233.70 Baidu Browser/534.6 TouchPad/1.0","BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
    "rident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0;","360SE/80.1","wOSBrowser/233.70","UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999","Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37"]
    UsrAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (" + str(random.sample(UsrHead,1)[0]) + ") AppleWebKit/" + str(random.randint(100,1000)) \
    + ".36 (KHTML, like Gecko) " + str(random.sample(UsrFox,1)[0])
    
    UsrRefer = str(url + "/" + "".join(random.sample("abcdef23457sdadw",10)))
    UserAgent = {"User-Agent": UsrAgent,"Referer":UsrRefer}
    return UserAgent

url = []

with open("url.log","r") as fp:
    files = fp.readlines()
    for i in files:
        
        url.append(i.replace("\n",""))
        
        
    for i in range(0,9999):
        aget = GetUserAgent(url[i])
        try:
            ret = requests.get(url[i],timeout=10,headers=aget)
            if ret.status_code == 200:
                soup = BeautifulSoup(ret.text,"html.parser")
                soup_ret = soup.select('div[class="content"] img')
                for x in soup_ret:
                    try:
                        down = x["src"]
                        save_name = str(random.randint(11111111,999999999)) + ".jpg"
                        print("xiazai -> {}".format(save_name))
                        img_download = requests.get(url=down, headers=aget, stream=True)
                        with open(save_name,"wb") as fp:
                            for chunk in img_download.iter_content(chunk_size=1024):
                                fp.write(chunk)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
        except Exception:
            pass

咳咳，快！派森扶我起来，我还能学挖掘机技术，未完待续。。。