C语言的字符串操作
strtok 实现字符串切割: 将字符串根据分隔符进行切割分片.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char str[] = "hello,lyshark,welcome"; char *ptr;
ptr = strtok(str, ","); while (ptr != NULL) { printf("切割元素: %s\n", ptr); ptr = strtok(NULL, ","); } system("pause"); return 0; }
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strlen 获取字符串长度:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char Array[] = "\0hello\nlyshark"; char Str[] = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };
int array_len = strlen(Array); printf("字符串的有效长度:%d\n", array_len); int str_len = strlen(Str); printf("字符串数组有效长度: %d\n", str_len); int index = 0; while (Str[index] != '\0') { index++; printf("Str数组元素: %c --> 计数: %d \n", Str[index], index); }
system("pause"); return 0; }
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strcpy 字符串拷贝:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char Array[] = "hello lyshark"; char tmp[100];
if (strcpy(tmp, Array) == NULL) printf("从Array拷贝到tmp失败\n"); else printf("拷贝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
for (unsigned int x = 0; x < strlen(tmp); x++) tmp[x] = ' ';
memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp)); if (strncpy(tmp, Array, 3) == NULL) printf("从Array拷贝3个字符到tmp失败\n"); else printf("拷贝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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strcat字符串连接: 将由src指向的空终止字节串的副本追加到由dest指向的以空字节终止的字节串的末尾
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char str1[50] = "hello "; char str2[50] = "lyshark!";
char * str = strcat(str1, str2); printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
str = strcat(str1, " world"); printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
str = strncat(str1, str2, 3); printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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strcmp 字符串对比:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int Str_Cmp(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) { int ret = strcmp(lhs, rhs); if (ret == 0) return 1; else return 0; }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char *str1 = "hello lyshark"; char *str2 = "hello lyshark";
int ret = Str_Cmp(str1, str2); printf("字符串是否相等: %d \n", ret);
if (!strncmp(str1, str2, 3)) printf("两个字符串,前三位相等");
system("pause"); return 0; }
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strshr 字符串截取:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { const char str[] = "hello ! lyshark"; char *ret;
ret = strchr(str, '!'); printf("%s \n", ret);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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字符串逆序排列:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
void Swap_Str(char *Array) { int len = strlen(Array); char *p1 = Array; char *p2 = &Array[len - 1]; while (p1 < p2) { char tmp = *p1; *p1 = *p2; *p2 = tmp; p1++, p2--; } }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char str[20] = "hello lyshark"; Swap_Str(str); for (int x = 0; x < strlen(str); x++) printf("%c", str[x]);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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实现字符串拷贝:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
void CopyString(char *dest,const char *source) { int len = strlen(source); for (int x = 0; x < len; x++) { dest[x] = source[x]; } dest[len] = '\0'; }
void CopyStringPtr(char *dest, const char *source) { while (*source != '\0') { *dest = *source; ++dest, ++source; } *dest = '\0'; }
void CopyStringPtrBase(char *dest, const char *source) { while (*dest++ = *source++); }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char * str = "hello lyshark"; char buf[1024] = { 0 }; CopyStringPtrBase(buf, str); printf("%s \n", buf);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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格式化字符串:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char buf[30] = { 0 }; sprintf(buf, "hello %s %s", "lyshark","you are good"); printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
char *s1 = "hello"; char *s2 = "lyshark"; memset(buf, 0, 30); sprintf(buf, "%s --> %s", s1, s2); printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
int number = 100; memset(buf, 0, 30); sprintf(buf, "%d", number); printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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动态存储字符串:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char **p = malloc(sizeof(char *)* 5); for (int x = 0; x < 5;++x) { p[x] = malloc(64); memset(p[x], 0, 64); sprintf(p[x], "Name %d", x + 1); }
for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) printf("%s \n", p[x]);
for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) { if (p[x] != NULL) free(p[x]); }
system("pause"); return 0; }
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字符串拼接:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>
char * StringSplicing(char *String1, char *String2) { char Buffer[1024];
int index = 0; int len = strlen(String1); while (String1[index] != '\0') { Buffer[index] = String1[index]; index++; } while (String2[index - len] != '\0') { Buffer[index] = String2[index - len]; index++; } Buffer[index] = '\0';
char *ret = (char*)calloc(1024, sizeof(char*)); if (ret) strcpy(ret, Buffer); return ret; }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char *str1 = "hello "; char *str2 = "lyshark ! \n";
char * new_str = StringSplicing(str1, str2); printf("拼接好的字符串是: %s", new_str);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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实现strchr:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>
char * MyStrchr(const char *String, char ch) { char *ptr = String; while (*ptr != '\0') { if (*ptr == ch) return ptr; ptr++; } return NULL; }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char Str[] = "hello lyshark"; char ch = 's';
char *ptr = MyStrchr(Str, ch); printf("输出结果: %s \n", ptr);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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自己实现寻找字符串子串:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>
char *MyStrStr(const char* str, const char* substr) { const char *mystr = str; const char *mysub = substr;
while (*mystr != '\0') { if (*mystr != *mysub) { ++mystr; continue; }
char *tmp_mystr = mystr; char *tmp_mysub = mysub;
while (tmp_mysub != '\0') { if (*tmp_mystr != *tmp_mysub) { ++mystr; break; } ++tmp_mysub; }
if (*tmp_mysub == '\0') { return mystr; } } return NULL; }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
char *str = "abcdefg"; char *sub = "fg";
char * aaa = MyStrStr(str, sub);
printf("%s", aaa);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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删除字符串中连续字符
#include <stdio.h> char del(char s[],int pos,int len) { int i; for (i=pos+len-1; s[i]!='\0'; i++,pos++) s[pos-1]=s[i]; s[pos-1]='\0'; return s; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char str[50]; int position,length; printf ("please input string:\n"); gets(str); printf ("please input delete position:"); scanf("%d",&position); printf ("please input delete length:"); scanf("%d",&length); del(str,position,length); printf ("the final string:%s\n",str); return 0; }
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C++的字符串操作
在C语言中想要输出数据需要使用Printf来实现,但C++中引入了另一种输出方式,C++中形象的将此过程称为流,数据的输入输出是指由若干个字节组成的字节序列,这些序列从一个对象中传递到另一个对象,我们将此过程形象的表示为数据的流,数据流可以包括ASCII字符,二进制数据,图形图像数据,音频数据等,流都将可以操作.
字符串类的初始化:
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { string str("hello lyshark");
string str_1(str); cout << str_1 << endl; string str_2(str, 2, 5); cout << str_2 << endl; string str_3(str.begin(), str.end()); cout << str_3 << endl;
char ch[] = "lyshark"; string str_4(ch, 3); cout << str_4 << endl;
string str_5(5, 'x'); cout << str_5 << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
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标准输出流: 首先我们演示标准的输入输出,其需要引入头文件<iostream>
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char str[] = "lyshark"; int number = 0;
cout << "hello: " << str << endl; cin >> number; if (number == 0) { cerr << "Error msg" << endl; clog << "Error log" << endl; }
int x, y; cin >> x >> y; freopen("./test.log", "w", stdout);
system("pause"); return 0; }
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格式化输出: 在程序中一般用cout和插入运算符“<<”实现输出,cout流在内存中有相应的缓冲区。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { cout << hex << 100 << endl; cout << dec << 100 << endl; cout << oct << 100 << endl; cout << fixed << 10.053 << endl; cout << scientific << 10.053 << endl;
cout << setw(10) << "hello" << setw(10) << "lyshark" << endl;
cout << setfill('-') << setw(10) << "hello" << endl;
for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++) { cout << setw(10) << left << "hello" ; }
cout << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
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单个字符输出: 流对象中,提供了专用于输出单个字符的成员函数put
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char *str = "lyshark";
for (int x = 6; x >= 0; x--) cout.put(*(str + x)); cout.put('\n');
system("pause"); return 0; }
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标准输入流: 通过测试cin的真值,判断流对象是否处于正常状态.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { float grade;
while (cin >> grade) { if (grade >= 85) cout << grade << " good" << endl; } system("pause"); return 0; }
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读取字符串: getline函数的作用是从输入流中读取一行字符
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char str[20]; int x, y, z;
cin >> x >> y >> z; cout << x << y << z;
cin.getline(str, 20); cout << str << endl;
cin.getline(str, 20, 'z'); cout << str << endl;
system("pause"); return 0; }
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